Can You Shoot 7.62 in a .308 Rifle? The Truth About Cartridge Compatibility
The short answer is: generally, yes, but with crucial caveats. The question of whether you can shoot 7.62x51mm NATO ammunition (often called 7.62 NATO) in a rifle chambered for .308 Winchester is a common one, and understanding the nuances is vital for firearm safety.
While .308 Winchester and 7.62x51mm NATO cartridges are very similar—and often used interchangeably—there are subtle but significant differences that can impact firearm function and safety.
Understanding the Differences: More Than Just a Name
The core difference lies in the chamber specifications and resulting cartridge dimensions. Although the bullets themselves are nearly identical in diameter, the 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge case is slightly larger and has a higher maximum average pressure (MAP). This seemingly small difference has significant implications:
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Chamber Pressure: .308 Winchester rifles are designed and tested to withstand a specific maximum pressure. Firing 7.62 NATO ammunition, with its potentially higher pressure, could exceed the .308's design limits, leading to catastrophic damage to the rifle, serious injury, or even death.
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Case Head Dimensions: While seemingly minor, variations in the case head dimensions can cause issues with reliable feeding and extraction. A 7.62 NATO round might not consistently chamber correctly in a .308 rifle, potentially resulting in jams or malfunctions.
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Headspace: Headspace is the critical distance between the bolt face and the cartridge case head. Inconsistencies between 7.62 NATO and .308 Winchester headspace can cause dangerous pressure buildup.
When It Might Be Safe (With Extreme Caution)
Some .308 Winchester rifles might be able to handle 7.62 NATO ammunition without issue, but this depends entirely on the rifle's manufacturer's specifications and tolerances. It's crucial to consult your firearm's owner's manual. Many manufacturers explicitly state whether their rifles can handle both types of ammunition. If the manual doesn't specifically say it's safe, do not attempt to fire 7.62 NATO ammunition.
The Safer Approach: Stick to the Recommended Ammunition
The safest practice is to always use the type of ammunition specifically recommended by the rifle's manufacturer. Using the correct ammunition ensures optimal performance and, most importantly, safety.
Consequences of Using the Wrong Ammunition
The risks involved in using the wrong ammunition are significant:
- Rifle damage: Overpressure can cause damage to the bolt, barrel, receiver, or even a catastrophic failure of the firearm.
- Injury: A malfunctioning firearm can cause serious injury or death to the shooter or bystanders.
- Voiding warranty: Using ammunition not specified by the manufacturer will almost certainly void any warranty on the rifle.
In conclusion, while the similarity between .308 Winchester and 7.62x51mm NATO might tempt some shooters to use them interchangeably, it's a gamble with potentially disastrous consequences. Prioritize safety and always adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations for ammunition. If you're unsure, consult a qualified firearms expert or gunsmith. Your safety should always come first.
