Choosing between the .45-70 Government and the .460 Smith & Wesson Magnum is a decision that demands careful consideration. Both cartridges boast impressive stopping power, but their applications, recoil characteristics, and overall suitability vary significantly. This in-depth comparison will dissect the key differences, helping you determine which powerhouse is right for you.
Cartridge Overview: History and Design
The .45-70 Government, a venerable black powder cartridge dating back to 1873, holds a legendary place in firearms history. Originally designed for the Trapdoor Springfield rifle, its robust design and powerful performance have seen it adapted for lever-action rifles and even some handguns. Its relatively slow, heavy bullet delivers substantial energy at close to medium ranges.
The .460 S&W Magnum, a far more recent design, represents a significant leap in handgun cartridge technology. Introduced in 2005, it was designed to deliver the power of a rifle round in a handgun format. Its significantly larger case capacity allows for substantially higher pressures and the launching of heavier, faster bullets.
Ballistics: Power and Performance
While both cartridges pack a punch, their ballistic profiles differ dramatically. The .45-70's heavier bullets deliver substantial energy at closer ranges, making it effective for hunting larger game at shorter distances. However, its slower velocity leads to a more pronounced bullet drop at longer ranges.
The .460 S&W, on the other hand, excels with significantly higher velocities, flatter trajectories, and greater effective range. This makes it a more versatile option for hunting larger game at extended distances, though recoil is considerably more intense.
| Feature | .45-70 Government | .460 S&W Magnum |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Bullet Weight | 300-500 grains | 200-300 grains |
| Muzzle Velocity | 1800-2200 fps (depending on load) | 2000-2400 fps (depending on load) |
| Muzzle Energy | 1500-2500 ft-lbs (depending on load) | 2500-3500 ft-lbs (depending on load) |
| Effective Range | Shorter, typically under 300 yards | Longer, potentially exceeding 300 yards |
| Recoil | Moderate to substantial | Extremely substantial |
Recoil and Shootability
The recoil difference is a major consideration. The .45-70, even in lighter rifles, produces noticeable recoil. However, in larger-framed rifles, this recoil is manageable for most shooters. The .460 S&W's recoil is significantly more intense, demanding substantial strength and practice to control effectively. It's not a cartridge for casual shooters.
Applications: Hunting and Self-Defense
The .45-70 is ideally suited for hunting larger game within its effective range. Its stopping power is undeniable, making it a popular choice for bear hunting and other dangerous game situations. Its use in self-defense is less common due to the size and weight of the rifles.
The .460 S&W is a formidable hunting round, capable of taking down a wide range of game, including dangerous animals, at considerably longer ranges than the .45-70. Its power in a handgun format is impressive, though its intense recoil restricts its suitability for self-defense to highly trained individuals.
Availability and Cost
Both cartridges are readily available, though ammunition costs for the .460 S&W are generally higher due to its specialized nature. The .45-70 offers a broader selection of ammunition types and load options at a wider range of price points.
Conclusion
The choice between the .45-70 and .460 S&W hinges on your specific needs and experience. The .45-70 offers manageable recoil and effective power at shorter ranges, making it ideal for hunting larger game at closer distances. The .460 S&W delivers significantly more power and a longer effective range but demands a higher level of shooting skill and strength to handle its intense recoil. Ultimately, selecting the right cartridge requires a thorough understanding of both their capabilities and limitations.
